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European Earwig

Forficula auricularia

Size1216 mm
Active Season:Active May through October. Indoor migration peaks during late summer heat and drought. Adults overwinter in soil.

A common garden pest recognizable by its prominent pincers. Despite its menacing appearance, it is harmless to humans and often enters homes seeking moisture.

Anatomy

Anatomical Details

Identification

ColourDark reddish-brown body with lighter yellowish-brown legs and wing covers
Size1216 mm

Distinguishing Features

  • Prominent forceps-like pincers (cerci) at the tip of the abdomen
  • Male pincers are curved like calipers; female pincers are straighter
  • Short, leathery forewings (tegmina) covering folded hind wings
  • Flattened, elongated body shape

Biology

Lifecycle

Incomplete metamorphosis: egg to nymph to adult. Females display unusual maternal care, guarding eggs through winter and tending nymphs until their first molt.

Diet

Omnivorous scavengers feeding on decaying plant matter, aphids, mites, and soft plant tissues. Can damage garden flowers and vegetables.

Nesting

Congregate in dark, moist areas such as under rocks, logs, mulch, and debris. Females overwinter in burrows with their eggs. They do not nest indoors but seek shelter during hot, dry weather.

Signs of Infestation

Earwigs found indoors

Finding earwigs in basements, bathrooms, or kitchens, especially during hot, dry weather. They seek cool, damp areas.

Damage to garden plants

Irregular holes in leaves, flowers, and soft fruits. Damage often appears overnight as earwigs are nocturnal.

Aggregations under objects

Large numbers found under flowerpots, doormats, rocks, and mulch during daytime.

Presence near moisture sources

Commonly found in window wells, around leaky faucets, and in damp basement corners.

Where They Nest

  • Under doormats and welcome mats
  • In window wells and basement window frames
  • Under mulch and garden debris near foundation
  • In damp basements and crawlspaces
  • Around bathroom and kitchen plumbing

Common Nesting Sites

Nesting Site Details

Distribution in Canada

Established across southern Canada from British Columbia to the Maritime provinces. Originally from Europe, introduced to North America in the early 20th century.

Regional Prevalence

High
Moderate
Low
Rare/Absent

Active Season

Active May through October. Indoor migration peaks during late summer heat and drought. Adults overwinter in soil.

Prevention

  • Remove mulch, leaf litter, and debris from against the foundation
  • Fix leaky outdoor faucets and improve drainage around the home
  • Seal cracks around windows, doors, and foundation
  • Replace weather stripping on exterior doors
  • Move firewood and compost piles away from the house

Professional Treatment

Exterior perimeter treatments create a barrier preventing earwigs from entering. Technicians also identify and address moisture issues and entry points. Indoor treatments are rarely needed when exterior control is effective.

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Scientific Classification
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Arthropoda
Class
Insecta
Order
Dermaptera
Family
Forficulidae
Genus
Forficula