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Pavement Ant

Tetramorium immigrans

Size2.54 mm
Colony Size3,00010,000
Active Season:Active March through October. Swarmers emerge June-July.

Small brown ants that nest under sidewalks, driveways, and foundations. One of Canada's most common household ant pests.

Anatomy

Anatomical Details

Identification

ColourDark brown to black with lighter legs and antennae
Size2.54 mm

Distinguishing Features

  • Parallel grooves on head and thorax (visible with magnification)
  • Two nodes (segments) between thorax and abdomen
  • Small stinger present but rarely used
  • 12-segmented antennae with 3-segmented club

Similar Species

  • Carpenter ants are 3-6x larger with only one waist node.
  • Pharaoh ants are smaller (2mm), yellow-brown, and nest only indoors.

Biology

Lifecycle

Complete metamorphosis. Colonies mature in 3-5 years with 3,000-10,000 workers.

Diet

Omnivorous: grease, sweets, seeds, insects, honeydew. Will tend aphids.

Nesting

Under pavement, stones, and foundations. Soil mounds at crack edges are diagnostic.

Signs of Infestation

Volcano-shaped mounds

Distinctive small mounds of fine soil or sand pushed up through cracks in concrete, resembling mini volcanoes. The most reliable indicator of pavement ant activity.

Trailing ants on floors and counters

Workers follow pheromone trails between nest and food, especially at night.

Ants in pet food

Pavement ants are strongly attracted to protein-rich pet foods.

Swarmers indoors (June-July)

Winged reproductives emerging inside suggest a nest under or against the foundation.

Where They Nest

  • Under driveways, sidewalks, and patios
  • Along foundation walls and basement slabs
  • Under heated floors (remain active in winter)
  • In wall voids near heat sources
  • Under stones and landscape edging

Common Nesting Sites

Nesting Site Details

Distribution in Canada

Found in all provinces. Most abundant in urban and suburban areas.

Regional Prevalence

High
Moderate
Low
Rare/Absent

Active Season

Active March through October. Swarmers emerge June-July.

House Types at Risk

This pest is commonly found in these home types

Prevention

  • Seal cracks in foundation and basement slab
  • Caulk gaps around pipes and wires entering building
  • Remove food sources: store pantry items in sealed containers
  • Fix moisture issues attracting colonies
  • Keep vegetation and mulch away from foundation

Professional Treatment

Exterior perimeter treatments and targeted baiting eliminate colonies at the source. Interior sprays alone are ineffective—the nest must be addressed.

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Scientific Classification
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Arthropoda
Class
Insecta
Order
Hymenoptera
Family
Formicidae
Genus
Tetramorium